Core

Symmetric and asymmetric encryption, hashing, digital signatures, TLS and PKI, and how they fail.

1. 01Symmetric encryptionOne shared key, AES, block cipher modes, and why ECB is the canonical mistake.~4 min read
2. 02Asymmetric encryption and key exchangeKey pairs, RSA, elliptic curves, Diffie–Hellman, and why every real system is hybrid.~4 min read
3. 03Hashing, MACs and password storageHash properties, which algorithms are dead, HMAC, and how passwords should actually be stored.~4 min read
4. 04Digital signatures, certificates and TLSHow signatures work, what a certificate actually proves, the chain of trust, and what TLS does on every HTTPS connection.~4 min read
5. 04Digital signatures and PKIHow signatures work, what certificates actually certify, chains of trust, and how the CA system fails.~3 min read
6. 05How cryptography failsWhy real systems break around the maths: implementation flaws, protocol mistakes, side channels, and the quantum horizon.~4 min read